Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwenani lamadivayisi we-IoT, ukuxhumana noma ukuxhumana phakathi kwalawa madivaysi kube yisihloko esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe.Ukuxhumana kuvame kakhulu futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ku-inthanethi Yezinto.Noma ngabe ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa okungenantambo bebanga elifushane noma ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana ngeselula, buthinta ukuthuthukiswa kwe-inthanethi Yezinto.Ekuxhumaneni, iphrothokholi yokuxhumana ibaluleke kakhulu, futhi yimithetho nemigomo okumele izinhlangano ezimbili zilandele ukuze ziqedele ukuxhumana noma isevisi.Lesi sihloko sethula izimiso zokuxhumana ze-IoT ezimbalwa ezitholakalayo, ezinokusebenza okuhlukile, isilinganiso sedatha, ukumbozwa, amandla kanye nenkumbulo, futhi isimiso ngasinye sinezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi kakhulu noma okuncane.Ezinye zalezi zinqubo zokuxhumana zifaneleka kuphela ezintweni zikagesi ezincane zasendlini, kanti ezinye zingasetshenziselwa amaphrojekthi amakhulu edolobha elihlakaniphile.Izimiso zokuxhumana ze-inthanethi Yezinto zihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili, eyodwa iphrothokholi yokufinyelela, kanti enye iyiphrothokholi yokuxhumana.Iphrothokholi yokufinyelela ngokuvamile inesibopho sokunethiwekha nokuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi aku-subnet;iphrothokholi yokuxhumana ngokuyinhloko iyiphrothokholi yokuxhumana yedivayisi esebenza kuphrothokholi ye-Inthanethi ye-TCP/IP evamile, enesibopho sokushintshisana kwedatha nokuxhumana kwamadivayisi nge-inthanethi.
1. Uhlu olude lokuxhumana kwamaselula
(1) Izivumelwano zokuxhumana ze-2G/3G/4G zibhekisela ohlelweni lwezokuxhumana lweselula lwesizukulwane sesibili, sesithathu nesesine ngokulandelana.
(2)I-NB-IoT
I-Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-iot) isiphenduke igatsha elibalulekile le-inthanethi Yakho Konke.
Yakhelwe kumanethiwekhi weselula, i-nb-iot idla kuphela cishe u-180kHz womkhawulokudonsa futhi ingafakwa ngokuqondile kunethiwekhi ye-GSM, UMTS noma ye-LTE ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zokuthumela kanye nokuthuthukiswa okushelelayo.
I-Nb-iot igxile emakethe yamandla aphansi (LPWA) Internet of Things (IoT) futhi iwubuchwepheshe obusafufusa obungasetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke.
Inezici zokuhlanganisa okubanzi, ukuxhumana okuningi, isivinini esisheshayo, izindleko eziphansi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu.
Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza: Inethiwekhi ye-nB-iot iletha izimo ezihlanganisa indawo yokupaka ehlakaniphile, ukulwa nomlilo okukhaliphile, amanzi ahlakaniphile, izibani zasemgwaqweni ezihlakaniphile, amabhayisikili abelwene nezinto zikagesi zasekhaya ezihlakaniphile, njll.
(3)5G
Ubuchwepheshe besizukulwane sesihlanu bezokuxhumana ngomakhalekhukhwini isizukulwane sakamuva sobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana kwamaselula.
Imigomo yokusebenza ye-5G izinga eliphezulu ledatha, ukubambezeleka okuncishisiwe, ukonga amandla, izindleko eziphansi, umthamo wesistimu okhulisiwe kanye nokuxhumeka kwedivayisi enkulu.
Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza: I-AR/VR, i-inthanethi yezimoto, ukukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile, amandla ahlakaniphile, ukwelashwa okungenantambo, ukuzijabulisa kwasekhaya okungenantambo, i-UAV exhunyiwe, i-ULTRA HIGH definition/ukusakazwa bukhoma kwe-panoramic, usizo lomuntu siqu lwe-AI, idolobha elihlakaniphile.
2. Ibanga elide ukuxhumana non-amaselula
(1)I-WiFi
Ngenxa yokuduma ngokushesha kwamarutha asekhaya e-WiFi kanye nomakhalekhukhwini eminyakeni embalwa edlule, umthetho olandelwayo we-WiFi nawo usetshenziswe kabanzi emkhakheni we-smart home.Inzuzo enkulu yephrothokholi ye-WiFi ukufinyelela okuqondile ku-inthanethi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ZigBee, isikimu sasekhaya esihlakaniphile esisebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-Wifi siqeda isidingo samasango engeziwe.Uma iqhathaniswa ne-Bluetooth protocol, iqeda ukuncika kumatheminali eselula njengomakhalekhukhwini.
Ukumbozwa kwe-WiFi yezohwebo kwezokuthutha zomphakathi zasemadolobheni, ezinxanxatheleni zezitolo nakwezinye izindawo zomphakathi ngokungangabazeki kuzodalula amandla okusebenza ezimo ze-WiFi zentengiso.
(2) ZigBee
I-ZigBee iyiphrothokholi yokuxhumana engenantambo ngesivinini esiphansi nebanga elifushane, iyinethiwekhi yokudlulisa idatha engenantambo enokwethenjelwa kakhulu, izici eziyinhloko ijubane eliphansi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, izindleko eziphansi, isekela inombolo enkulu yamanodi enethiwekhi, isekela i-topology ehlukahlukene yenethiwekhi. , ubunkimbinkimbi obuphansi, bushesha, buthembekile futhi buphephile.
Ubuchwepheshe beZigBee wuhlobo olusha lobuchwepheshe, oluvele muva nje.Incike kakhulu kunethiwekhi engenantambo ukuze idluliselwe.Ingakwazi ukuxhumanisa okungenantambo ebangeni eliseduze futhi ingeyobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana benethiwekhi engenantambo.
Izinzuzo ezingokwemvelo zobuchwepheshe be-ZigBee ziyenza kancane kancane ibe ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile embonini ye-inthanethi Yezinto futhi ithole izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu embonini, ezolimo, ekhaya elihlakaniphile nakweminye imikhakha.
(3)LoRa
I-LoRa(LongRange, LongRange) iwubuchwepheshe bokushintshashintsha obunikeza amabanga amade okuxhumana kunobuchwepheshe obufanayo.Isango le-LoRa, inzwa yentuthu, ukuqapha amanzi, ukubona infrared, ukubeka, ukufakwa kanye neminye imikhiqizo ye-Iot esetshenziswa kabanzi.Njengobuchwepheshe obungenawaya bebhande elincane, i-LoRa isebenzisa umehluko wesikhathi sokufika kwe-geolocation.Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza zokuma kwe-LoRa: ukuqapha kwedolobha elihlakaniphile kanye nethrafikhi, ukulinganisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto, ukuqapha ukuma kwezolimo.
3. I-NFC(ukuxhumana nenkundla eseduze)
(1)I-RFID
I-Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) ifushane nge-Radio Frequency Identification.Umgomo wayo ukuxhumana kwedatha okungekona othintana naye phakathi komfundi nomaka ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokuhlonza okuqondiwe.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-RFID kubanzi kakhulu, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile i-chip yezilwane, idivayisi ye-alamu ye-chip chip, ukulawula ukufinyelela, ukulawula indawo yokupaka, ulayini wokukhiqiza, ukuphathwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo.Uhlelo oluphelele lwe-RFID luqukethe i-Reader, i-electronic Tag kanye nohlelo lokuphatha idatha.
(2)I-NFC
Igama eligcwele lesiShayina le-NFC i-Near Field Communication Technology.I-NFC ithuthukiswe ngesisekelo sobuchwepheshe be-non-contact radio frequency identification (RFID) futhi buhlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe bokuxhuma okungenantambo.Inikeza indlela yokuxhumana ephephe kakhulu futhi esheshayo yemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-elekthronikhi eya ngokuduma kakhulu ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke."Inkundla eseduze" egameni lesiShayina le-NFC isho amaza omsakazo eduze nenkundla kazibuthe kagesi.
Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza: Isetshenziswa ekulawulweni kokufinyelela, ukubakhona, izivakashi, ukungena ngemvume kwengqungquthela, ukugada neminye imikhakha.I-NFC inemisebenzi efana nokusebenzisana kwekhompuyutha yomuntu kanye nokusebenzisana komshini nomshini.
(3)I-Bluetooth
Ubuchwepheshe be-Bluetooth wukucaciswa okuvulekile komhlaba wonke kwedatha engenantambo nokuxhumana ngezwi.Iwuxhumano olukhethekile lobuchwepheshe obungenawaya bebanga elifushane olusekelwe ekuxhumekeni okungenazintambo kwebanga elifushane okunezindleko eziphansi ukuze kusungulwe indawo yokuxhumana yamadivayisi angaguquki kanye namaselula.
I-Bluetooth ingashintshisana ngolwazi ngokungenantambo phakathi kwamadivayisi amaningi ahlanganisa omakhalekhukhwini, ama-PDA, amahedisethi angenawaya, amakhompyutha wamanothibhuki, nama-peripheral ahlobene.Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-"Bluetooth" kungenza kube lula ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivaysi okuxhumana omakhalekhukhwini, futhi kuphinde kube lula ngempumelelo ukuxhumana phakathi kwedivayisi ne-inthanethi, ukuze ukudluliswa kwedatha kusheshe futhi kusebenze kahle, futhi kwandise indlela yokuxhumana okungenantambo.
4. Ukuxhumana ngezintambo
(1)I-USB
I-USB, isifinyezo se-English Universal Serial Bus (Universal Serial Bus), iyindinganiso yebhasi yangaphandle esetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuxhumana nokuxhumana phakathi kwamakhompyutha namadivayisi angaphandle.Kuwubuchwepheshe be-interface obusetshenziswa emkhakheni we-PC.
(2)Serial communication protocol
I-serial communication protocol isho imininingwane efanele ecacisa okuqukethwe kwephakethe ledatha, okuhlanganisa isiqalo, idatha yomzimba, isheke bit kanye ne-stop bit.Zombili izinhlangothi zidinga ukuvumelana ngefomethi yephakethe ledatha engashintshi ukuze ngokuvamile zithumele futhi zamukele idatha.Ekuxhumaneni kwe-serial, izivumelwano ezivame ukusetshenziswa zihlanganisa i-RS-232, RS-422 kanye ne-RS-485.
Ukuxhumana kwe-serial kubhekisela endleleni yokuxhumana lapho idatha idluliselwa kancane kancane phakathi kwama-peripheral namakhompyutha.Le ndlela yokuxhumana isebenzisa imigqa yedatha embalwa, engasindisa izindleko zokuxhumana ekuxhumaneni okude, kodwa isivinini sayo sokudlulisela siphansi kunokudlulisa okufanayo.Amakhompiyutha amaningi (okungabandakanyi ama-notebook) aqukethe izimbobo ezimbili ze-RS-232 serial.Ukuxhumana kwe-serial kubuye kube iphrothokholi yokuxhumana evame ukusetshenziswa yamathuluzi nemishini.
(3) I-Ethernet
I-Ethernet ubuchwepheshe be-LAN yekhompiyutha.Izinga le-IEEE 802.3 liyindinganiso yobuchwepheshe ye-Ethernet, ehlanganisa okuqukethwe koxhumano lwesendlalelo esibonakalayo, isignali ye-elekthronikhi kanye nephrothokholi yesendlalelo sokufinyelela kumidiya??
(4)MBus
Isistimu yokufunda imitha eyihlane ye-MBus (i-symphonic mbus) ibhasi elijwayelekile laseYurophu elinezintambo ezi-2, elisetshenziselwa kakhulu izisetshenziswa zokulinganisa ezisetshenziswayo njengemitha yokushisa nochungechunge lwamamitha amanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-07-2021
